1 · Nihart, Campen et al., Nature Medicine (2025) — micro- & nanoplastics quantified in decedent human brain, liver, and kidney.
2 · Marfella et al., New England Journal of Medicine 2024;390:900–910 — micro/nanoplastics in carotid plaque & cardiovascular events.
3 · Senathirajah & Palanisami / WWF (2019) — modeled human plastic ingestion ≈ 5 g per week.
4 · Casella, Cornelli et al., Foods (2025) — chitosan & fecal microplastic excretion, human crossover study (n=10).
5 · Rat model, Scientific Reports (2025), Tokai University — dietary chitosan increased fecal microplastic excretion.
Figures are associations from emerging research, not proof of harm from any one source or a claim that Daily Defense removes plastic from your body.